Kazakhstan ( Scientific Landscape of Central Asia )

Science in Kazakhstan support for areas such as artificial intelligence, biomedicine, green technologies, and water security under the coordination of the National Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education.

Uzbekistan ( Scientific Landscape of Central Asia )

Science in Uzbekistan is developing under the Concept for the Development of Science until 2030, focusing on strengthening innovation infrastructure, increasing R&D funding, and enhancing commercialization despite remaining challenges in global integration.